RTC1307 - Real Time Clock

Revision as of 22:17, 6 February 2009

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• Send them to - combustor@combustory.com

Summary

This code shows how to communicate with the RTC DS1307 Real Time Clock, which is used to set and retrieve the date/time of the chip. As a bonus there are some additional bytes of data that can be used as general purpose memory. The main reason for my use of this code is to be able to log events that occur in my applications. I recommend for you to get the RTC DS1307 data sheet to help with understanding what was done here. The bottom line is that I have created this program to accept commands via serial communication with a PC to instruct the Arduino to send or receive data via I2C to the storage registers of the RTC DS1307 chip.

Note of gratitude to Maurice Ribble - http://www.glacialwanderer.com/hobbyrobotics/?p=12 for the majority of the RTC DS1307 code. To not repeat his excellent instructions on this chip I highly recommend you visit his site on this topic. All I did here was expand his code a to get a little more functionality out of the DS1307 chip.

Method

DS1307 Chip

If you want to take the easy route, spend the extra bucks and buy a Spark Fun ready to go unit for around $20. However, if you really prefer spending and extra hour or so (In my case 4 hours, but you get the benefit of my labor ;~), then buy a few chips from Digikey or Mouser. I think I spent a couple bucks to pay for the chip and the crystal, I ended up having to use two resistors as well, but those were from my existing inventory. If you go the chip route, just keep in mind that shipping can be significant, so you will want to buy more than just the chip.

The reason I had to use the resistors, was to create a voltage divider to create a voltage on the battery backup pin. As I found out and fortunately you will not endure because you are reading this right now, is that the battery pin must have 2.5-3vdc to operate properly or the chip will stop responding to IC2 requests. Ok, we all know the rule, "When all else fails, READ THE DIRECTIONS". As wisdom will have it, I eventually read this seemingly insignificant information in the Data Sheet. Well if I get the time I will outline all the details on the parts and schematic, but the bottom line is that I was still to cheap to buy a 3v battery, so I just used the voltage divider to drop the 5vdc supply. The absolute most funny part is that the chip does run just fine without the 3vdc...... sometimes. Meaning you think you have it all worked out and then......... sometimes. Hence four hours. But your not going to make that mistake are you? Because you are here. Soooooooo, after all is said and done the chip is very stable and works as expected and is reliable.

Now with all the wires flying on the breadboard, sometimes with voltage (Do as I say not as I do!), it is amazing that the chip even works anymore, but there is one further note I need to make about my chip. It is supposed to have 64 registers, but mine only has 31 registers that work. Who knows, did I kill them?, or did I get a bad part? Either way the pointer still rolls through the dead registers as if they were there, but they do not accept any writing. I only bought one of these chips, so I could not test for repeatability. No worry though, hopefully you will have better luck, and I will eventually get another chip to test.

This page does not cover the clock output pin that has several settings for outputting a clock frequency, so I will leave it to the reader to figure that function out, as I have no need for that right now. Another interesting feature on this chip is that the time and memory is maintained as long as you have that battery backup at 2.5-3v. But if the chip goes into backup mode, you will not be able to read or write to any of the registers. One misleading piece of data in the Data Sheet is that the memory is non-volatile, well that is true as long as you have the battery backup power. In my voltage divider method, when the power is gone it is gone-gone, so basically no data is retained, but that is exactly why I made the date/time setting command, because I just reset it from the host software that I use to control the Arduino.

I2C

There are basically only two operations that control this chip, a read or write to 64 data registers and the process is similar for both read or write.

• Reading Data
  • Reading date/time
    • Open the I2C communication in write mode.
    • Set the register pointer to (0x00) - To read the date/time you reset the pointer to the first register.
    • End write mode.
    • Open I2C in read mode and read seven bytes of data.

  Wire.beginTransmission(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS);   // Open I2C line in write mode
  Wire.send(0x00);                              // Set the register pointer to (0x00)
  Wire.endTransmission();                       // End Write Transmission 

  Wire.requestFrom(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS, 7);      // Open the I2C line in send mode

  second     = bcdToDec(Wire.receive() & 0x7f); // Read seven bytes of data
  minute     = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  hour       = bcdToDec(Wire.receive() & 0x3f);  
  dayOfWeek  = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  dayOfMonth = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  month      = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  year       = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());

• • Reading Memory - The process is essentially the same as Reading date/time with two small differences
    • (1) You have to set the register pointer where you want to read the memory.
    • (2) You have to indicate how many bytes to read.

  Wire.beginTransmission(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS);  
  Wire.send(0x08);                             // Set the register pointer to (0x08) to read first memory byte
  Wire.endTransmission();                      

  Wire.requestFrom(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS, 1);     // In this case only read one byte

  temp_byte     = Wire.receive();              // Read the desired byte
  

• Write date/time.
  • Open the I2C communication in write mode.
  • Set the register pointer to (0x00) - To write the date/time you reset the pointer to the first register.
  • Write seven bytes of data.
  • End write mode.

   Wire.beginTransmission(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS);  // Open I2C line in write mode

   Wire.send(0x00);                           // Set the register pointer to (0x00)
   Wire.send(decToBcd(second));               // Write seven bytes
   Wire.send(decToBcd(minute));
   Wire.send(decToBcd(hour));      
   Wire.send(decToBcd(dayOfWeek));
   Wire.send(decToBcd(dayOfMonth));
   Wire.send(decToBcd(month));
   Wire.send(decToBcd(year));
   Wire.endTransmission();                    // End write mode

• • Writing Memory - The process is essentially the same as writing date/time with two small differences
    • (1) You have to set the register pointer where you want to write the memory.
    • (2) Now write the byte value you want in that memory location.

Note: You can continue writing and the register pointer will go to the next memory location. When the pointer reaches the end of the memory it will start back at the beginning, which will overwrite your date/time if you are not careful.

  Wire.beginTransmission(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS);  
  Wire.send(0xf3);                             // Set the register pointer to (0xf3) to write the 11th memory byte
  Wire.send(0xa6);                             // Write the desired byte value
  Wire.endTransmission();

RTC_DS1307_v.01 code

/*
 * RTC Control v.01
 * by <http://www.combustory.com> John Vaughters
 * Credit to:
 * Maurice Ribble - http://www.glacialwanderer.com/hobbyrobotics for RTC DS1307 code
 *
 * With this code you can set the date/time, retreive the date/time and use the extra memory of an RTC DS1307 chip.  
 * The program also sets all the extra memory space to 0xff.
 * Serial Communication method with the Arduino that utilizes a leading CHAR for each command described below. 
 * Commands:
 * T(00-59)(00-59)(00-23)(1-7)(01-31)(01-12)(00-99) - T(sec)(min)(hour)(dayOfWeek)(dayOfMonth)(month)(year) - T Sets the date of the RTC DS1307 Chip. 
 * Example to set the time for 02-Feb-09 @ 19:57:11 for the 3 day of the week, use this command - T1157193040209
 * Q(1-2) - (Q1) Memory initialization  (Q2) RTC - Memory Dump
 */

#include "Wire.h"
#define DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS 0x68  // This is the I2C address


// Global Variables

int command = 0;       // This is the command char, in ascii form, sent from the serial port     
int i;
long previousMillis = 0;        // will store last time Temp was updated
byte second, minute, hour, dayOfWeek, dayOfMonth, month, year;
byte test; 
  
// Convert normal decimal numbers to binary coded decimal
byte decToBcd(byte val)
{
  return ( (val/10*16) + (val%10) );
}

// Convert binary coded decimal to normal decimal numbers
byte bcdToDec(byte val)
{
  return ( (val/16*10) + (val%16) );
}

// 1) Sets the date and time on the ds1307
// 2) Starts the clock
// 3) Sets hour mode to 24 hour clock
// Assumes you're passing in valid numbers, Probably need to put in checks for valid numbers.
 
void setDateDs1307()                
{

   second = (byte) ((Serial.read() - 48) * 10 + (Serial.read() - 48)); // Use of (byte) type casting and ascii math to achieve result.  
   minute = (byte) ((Serial.read() - 48) *10 +  (Serial.read() - 48));
   hour  = (byte) ((Serial.read() - 48) *10 +  (Serial.read() - 48));
   dayOfWeek = (byte) (Serial.read() - 48);
   dayOfMonth = (byte) ((Serial.read() - 48) *10 +  (Serial.read() - 48));
   month = (byte) ((Serial.read() - 48) *10 +  (Serial.read() - 48));
   year= (byte) ((Serial.read() - 48) *10 +  (Serial.read() - 48));
   Wire.beginTransmission(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS);
   Wire.send(0x00);
   Wire.send(decToBcd(second));    // 0 to bit 7 starts the clock
   Wire.send(decToBcd(minute));
   Wire.send(decToBcd(hour));      // If you want 12 hour am/pm you need to set
                                   // bit 6 (also need to change readDateDs1307)
   Wire.send(decToBcd(dayOfWeek));
   Wire.send(decToBcd(dayOfMonth));
   Wire.send(decToBcd(month));
   Wire.send(decToBcd(year));
   Wire.endTransmission();
}

// Gets the date and time from the ds1307 and prints result
void getDateDs1307()
{
  // Reset the register pointer
  Wire.beginTransmission(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS);
  Wire.send(0x00);
  Wire.endTransmission();

  Wire.requestFrom(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS, 7);

  // A few of these need masks because certain bits are control bits
  second     = bcdToDec(Wire.receive() & 0x7f);
  minute     = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  hour       = bcdToDec(Wire.receive() & 0x3f);  // Need to change this if 12 hour am/pm
  dayOfWeek  = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  dayOfMonth = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  month      = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  year       = bcdToDec(Wire.receive());
  
  Serial.print(hour, DEC);
  Serial.print(":");
  Serial.print(minute, DEC);
  Serial.print(":");
  Serial.print(second, DEC);
  Serial.print("  ");
  Serial.print(month, DEC);
  Serial.print("/");
  Serial.print(dayOfMonth, DEC);
  Serial.print("/");
  Serial.print(year, DEC);

}


void setup() {
  Wire.begin();
  Serial.begin(57600);
 
}

void loop() {
     if (Serial.available()) {      // Look for char in serial que and process if found
      command = Serial.read();
      if (command == 84) {      //If command = "T" Set Date
       setDateDs1307();
       getDateDs1307();
       Serial.println(" ");
      }
      else if (command == 81) {      //If command = "Q" RTC1307 Memory Functions
        delay(100);     
        if (Serial.available()) {
         command = Serial.read(); 
         if (command == 49) {      //If command = "1" RTC1307 Initialize Memory - All Data will be set to 255 (0xff).  Therefore 255 or 0 will be an invalid value.  
          Wire.beginTransmission(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS); // 255 will be the init value and 0 will be cosidered an error that occurs when the RTC is in Battery mode.
          Wire.send(0x08); // Set the register pointer to be just past the date/time registers.
         for (i = 1; i <= 27; i++) {
             Wire.send(0xff);
            delay(100);
         }   
         Wire.endTransmission();
         getDateDs1307();
         Serial.println(": RTC1307 Initialized Memory");
         }
         else if (command == 50) {      //If command = "2" RTC1307 Memory Dump
          getDateDs1307();
          Serial.println(": RTC 1307 Dump Begin");
          Wire.beginTransmission(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS);
          Wire.send(0x00);
          Wire.endTransmission();
          Wire.requestFrom(DS1307_I2C_ADDRESS, 64);
          for (i = 1; i <= 64; i++) {
             test = Wire.receive();
             Serial.print(i);
             Serial.print(":");
             Serial.println(test, DEC);
          }
          Serial.println(" RTC1307 Dump end");
         } 
        }  
       }
      Serial.print("Command: ");
      Serial.println(command);     // Echo command CHAR in ascii that was sent
      }
      
      command = 0;                 // reset command 
      delay(100);
    }
//*****************************************************The End***********************

RTC_DS1307_v.01 User Guide

Not much to say here, I tend to use the Arduino in the Arduino Communications Method, so maybe someday I will present the other part of the controlling SW I made for this tool, but I will have to make changes to get it to work correctly for this particular set-up.

For now just enter the commands from the Arduino Environment or your favorite serial communications method.

Commands

• T(00-59)(00-59)(00-23)(1-7)(01-31)(01-12)(00-99) - T(sec)(min)(hour)(dayOfWeek)(dayOfMonth)(month)(year) - T Sets the date of the RTC DS1307 Chip.
  • Example to set the time for 02-Feb-09 @ 19:57:11 for the 3 day of the week, use this command - T1157193040209
• Q1 - This command will initialize all the non date/time memory to 255 (0xff)
  • I do this because when the RTC DS1307 goes into back up mode it returns 0 for any register, so for memory usage a 0 will be considered a failure to read memory and 255 will be a default value. Meaning it is considered null.
• Q2 - This command will Dump all 64 registers to the serial buffer